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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography Micro-CT Imaging Method
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Ocular complaints and diagnoses in spaceflight.

Elana Meer1,2, Seanna R Grob3,4, Kris Lehnhardt5

  • 1Wayne and Gladys Valley Center for Vision, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. elana.meer@ucsf.edu.

NPJ Microgravity
|January 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Ocular issues are common during spaceflight, with eye irritation and foreign bodies being most frequent. Standardizing the classification of these spaceflight eye conditions is crucial for astronaut health.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Ophthalmology
  • Aerospace Medicine

Background:

  • The NASA Human System Risk Board (HSRB) traditionally prioritizes trauma and acute illness for in-flight medical risk.
  • Ocular issues, trauma, and complaints during spaceflight remain poorly characterized, despite their potential impact on astronaut health and mission success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze and characterize ocular complaints and conditions experienced by astronauts during space shuttle (STS) and International Space Station (ISS) missions.
  • To identify the most common ocular issues encountered in spaceflight and assess their severity.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective case series analysis of ocular complaints was conducted using data from NASA's Life Sciences Data Archive (LSDA) and Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH).
  • Data from 135 STS missions (1981-2011) and 63 ISS missions (2000-2020) were reviewed and categorized.
  • Ocular events were identified across 61.5% of STS missions and 65.1% of ISS missions.

Main Results:

  • The most frequent ocular complaints included eye irritation (33.1%), foreign body sensation (22.7%), dry eye syndromes (15.7%), and excessive tearing (7.85%).
  • A small percentage (3.72%) of ocular events were classified as higher severity, including keratitis, corneal ulcer, chemical exposure, and corneal abrasion.
  • No higher severity ocular events necessitated mission evacuation.

Conclusions:

  • Ocular complaints are a significant component of medical events during spaceflight, with common issues like irritation and foreign bodies frequently reported.
  • There is a critical need for improved documentation of ocular symptoms and diagnoses, alongside a standardized classification system for spaceflight ophthalmology.
  • Standardization will facilitate more effective and comprehensive medical treatments for astronauts, enhancing overall mission safety and crew well-being.