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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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The Fermi-Dirac function is represented by an S-shaped curve indicating the probability of an energy state being occupied by an electron at a given temperature. The Fermi level is the energy level at which there is a fifty percent chance of finding an electron, and it is positioned between the lower-energy valence band and the higher-energy conduction band.
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Color in Coordination Complexes
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Tetrahedral Complexes
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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Fractional quantum ferroelectricity.

Junyi Ji1,2, Guoliang Yu1,2, Changsong Xu3,4

  • 1Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Nature Communications
|January 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity, a new class where atomic displacements, not just symmetry, drive polarization. This challenges conventional understanding and explains phenomena in materials like indium selenide.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Ordinary ferroelectrics exhibit spontaneous electric polarization linked to ionic displacement and point group symmetry.
  • The magnitude of polarization in conventional ferroelectrics is significantly smaller than lattice-derived ionic displacements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a new class of ferroelectricity: Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity.
  • Challenge conventional symmetry-based understanding of ferroelectric polarization.
  • Explain puzzling experimental observations and predict new ferroelectric materials.

Main Methods:

  • Group theory analysis to identify potential point groups for Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity.
  • Density functional calculations to model atomic displacements and polarization.
  • Theoretical framework development for Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity.

Main Results:

  • Identified 28 potential point groups (polar and non-polar) for Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity.
  • Demonstrated that polarization direction can contradict conventional "polar" phase symmetry, violating Neumann's principle.
  • Explained in-plane polarization in monolayer α-In2Se3 and predicted polarization in cubic AgBr.

Conclusions:

  • Fractional Quantum Ferroelectricity arises from substantial atomic displacements comparable to lattice constants.
  • This new class expands the understanding of ferroelectric behavior beyond traditional limits.
  • Findings open new avenues for designing and applying novel ferroelectric materials.