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Updated: Jul 6, 2025
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Published on: May 9, 2025
Cognitive functioning is prognostic in patients with IDH1-wild type and MGMT-unmethylated high-grade gliomas
Uroš Smrdel1, Andreja Cirila Škufca Smrdel, Anja Podlesek
1Uroš Smrdel, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, usmrdel@onko-i.si.
Aim:
To investigate the prognostic factors of survival in patients with high-grade gliomas without isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH) mutation and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation.
Methods:
The study enrolled Slovenian patients with high-grade gliomas. Postoperatively, they completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. Demographics and clinical data were collected. The results of cognitive tests were converted to standardized scores and dichotomized based on impairment. A univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine clinical predictors, and a multivariate Cox model was used to determine the prognostic value of cognitive test results. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed, and survival was compared with the log rank test.
Results:
The study enrolled 49 patients with IDH wild-type, MGMT-unmethylated high-grade gliomas. The median time to progression was 9.92 months (7.25, 12.59) and the overall median survival was 12.19 months (8.95, 15.4). Age and the extent of surgery were significant prognostic factors for survival. After controlling for these factors, cognitive functioning in the domain of verbal fluency remained a significant predictor of survival outcomes.
Conclusion:
Cognitive functioning in the domain of verbal fluency was associated with overall survival independently of age and the extent of surgery. Cognitive functioning could be an important stratifying tool in this group of patients lacking other predictors.
