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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Rigid-foldable cylindrical origami with tunable mechanical behaviors.

Fengrui Liu1, Tatsuro Terakawa2, Siying Long1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|January 3, 2024
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Summary

This study introduces foldable prism origami (FP-ori), a novel rigid-foldable cylindrical origami design. FP-ori offers tunable properties like flat-foldability and self-locking, expanding engineering applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Rigid-foldable origami is crucial for deployable structures, aerospace, and robotics.
  • Existing cylindrical origami lacks rigid-foldability, limiting engineering applications.
  • This necessitates development of new origami designs with enhanced mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel rigid-foldable cylindrical origami, named foldable prism origami (FP-ori).
  • To analyze FP-ori's geometric properties and tunable mechanical behaviors.
  • To explore applications of FP-ori in stacked and tessellated structures.

Main Methods:

  • Geometric analysis of FP-ori.
  • Finite element method (FEM) simulations to verify mechanical behaviors.
  • Experimental validation using paper models.

Main Results:

  • FP-ori exhibits rigid-foldability, flat-foldability, self-locking, and bistability.
  • FEM simulations and experiments confirmed the relationship between parameters and tunable properties.
  • Stacked FP-ori structures and kirigami-inspired negative Poisson's ratio tessellations were successfully designed.

Conclusions:

  • FP-ori overcomes limitations of traditional cylindrical origami by offering rigid-foldability.
  • The tunable properties of FP-ori provide significant potential for diverse engineering applications.
  • FP-ori represents a promising advancement in origami engineering for deployable systems and robotics.