Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: an Update for 2023

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Surgical Oncology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms (aNEN) are rare tumors.
• Current literature on aNEN treatment is evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent literature on aNEN treatment.
• To evaluate prognostic factors and follow-up strategies for aNEN.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies published in the last 5 years.
• Analysis of treatment guidelines and prognostic indicators.

Main Results:

• Simple appendectomy suffices for tumors < 1 cm; extended surgery for tumors > 2 cm.
• Extended surgery for 1-2 cm aNENs shows no significant prognostic advantage, except in specific cases.
• Follow-up protocols require further validation due to lack of imaging and biomarker standardization.

Conclusions:

• Surgical management is clear for small (<1cm) and large (>2cm) aNENs.
• The necessity of extended surgery for intermediate (1-2 cm) aNENs is debatable.
• Future research should focus on lymph node metastasis impact and optimal follow-up strategies.