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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
Published on: March 24, 2023
Children then, adults now: long-term outcomes-performance at 15, 20, and 25 years of cochlear implant use
João Elói Moura1, Jorge Humberto Martins2, Marisa Alves1
1Cochlear Implants Reference Center, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Insights
Early cochlear implantation (CI) significantly improves auditory performance in children with severe to profound hearing loss. These benefits persist for over 25 years, highlighting the importance of timely intervention.
Area of Science:
- Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology
- Pediatric Otolaryngology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss significantly impacts child development.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for optimizing auditory rehabilitation outcomes.
- Cochlear implantation (CI) is a key method for pediatric auditory rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term performance of pediatric cochlear implant users.
- To analyze the effect of early intervention (implantation before age 3) on auditory performance.
- To assess performance changes over 25 years of CI use.
Main Methods:
- Study included 31 individuals with severe to profound congenital hearing loss.
- Participants were divided into two groups based on age at implantation (under 3 vs. over 3 years).
- Auditory performance and academic level were assessed at 15, 20, and 25 years post-implantation.
Main Results:
- Early implantation (<3 years) showed a statistically significant positive effect on auditory performance and telephone use.
- Auditory performance improved over time in both groups, stabilizing after 20 years of CI use.
- Long-term CI use demonstrated sustained benefits.
Conclusions:
- Early intervention is critical for children with severe to profound hearing loss undergoing cochlear implantation.
- Cochlear implants are effective and reliable for treating pediatric hearing loss.
- Long-term benefits of CI contribute to improved socio-educational integration.
Motivation:
Severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss interferes with a child's development at the cognitive, linguistic, academic, and social levels. Since the beginning of the pediatric auditory rehabilitation program through cochlear implantation in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Service of the Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Portugal, its mentors defended the early diagnosis of hearing loss followed by timely intervention, and this was considered the starting point to optimize (re)habilitation through this method. Three decades or so later, recently we conducted this study to evaluate the performance of patients implanted in the initial phase of the cochlear implantation program.
Objectives:
The study aimed to evaluate the performance of individuals with severe to profound congenital hearing loss who underwent pediatric cochlear implantation and have used the cochlear implant for at least 25 years, to analyze the beneficial effect of early intervention in improving performance results.
Methods:
The study sample is composed of 31 individuals with severe to profound congenital hearing loss and no other comorbidities, divided into two groups (Group 1: age at implantation was under 3 years; Group 2: age at implantation was over 3 years). All 31 subjects were evaluated at 15, 20, and 25 years of cochlear implant (CI) use with a comprehensive set of tests. In addition, data were collected regarding the academic level of each participant. The results of both groups were compared to find out if there is an effect of age at implantation on auditory performance, and if there is an improvement in the performance with CI over time (15, 20, and 25 years of use).
Results:
The results show that there is a positive effect, with statistical significance, of early implantation on auditory performance, and telephone use. In both groups, there is an increase in performance over time, but it tends to stabilize after 20 years of CI use.
Discussion And Conclusion:
The results obtained in this work support the importance of early intervention in patients with severe to profound hearing loss who are cochlear implant users and show that CI is an effective and reliable method in the treatment of these patients, contributing to their improved socio-educational integration, and that the benefits last over time.
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