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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

265
Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

307
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

523
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

396
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
396
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

345
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
345
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Updated: Jul 6, 2025

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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Contraceptive Methods Women Have Ever Used:United States, 2015-2019.

Kimberly Daniels, Joyce C Abma

    National Health Statistics Reports
    |January 3, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nearly all U.S. women (99.2%) have used contraception, with most using reversible methods like the pill or male condoms. Method choice varied by demographics, and side effects were a common reason for discontinuing the pill or IUDs.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health
    • Public Health Surveillance
    • Contraceptive Method Use

    Background:

    • Understanding contraceptive method use is crucial for reproductive health.
    • Demographic factors significantly influence contraceptive choices among U.S. women.
    • Contraceptive discontinuation patterns inform public health strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe contraception methods ever used by U.S. women aged 15-49.
    • To analyze contraceptive use based on demographic and socioeconomic factors.
    • To examine reasons for discontinuing specific contraceptive methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized data from the 2015-2019 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG).
    • Analyzed survey responses from 10,122 women who had sexual intercourse with a male partner.

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  • Focused on contraceptive methods ever used and reasons for discontinuation.

    • Main Results:

    • 99.2% of women aged 15-49 had ever used at least one contraceptive method.
    • Most women used male condoms (94.5%), the pill (79.8%), or withdrawal (65.7%).
    • Long-acting reversible contraception (24.9%) and emergency contraception (23.5%) were also reported; method use varied by demographics.

    Conclusions:

    • Contraceptive use is nearly universal among U.S. women of reproductive age.
    • Demographic characteristics influence the selection and discontinuation of contraceptive methods.
    • Side effects are a primary reason for discontinuing the pill and intrauterine devices.