Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

12.8K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
12.8K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

3.1K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.1K
Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

3.7K
Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
3.7K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

10.5K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
10.5K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

98.5K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
98.5K
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

3.7K
A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Common Principles Underlie Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy Dynamics in the Germline and Soma.

Annual review of genomics and human genetics·2026
Same author

Single-molecule mitochondrial DNA imaging reveals heteroplasmy dynamics shaped by developmental bottlenecks and selection in vivo.

Developmental cell·2026
Same author

Genetic landscape of adult executive function reveals a cell-type-specific developmental origin.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of primary mitochondrial diseases.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial genomes on a string of pearls.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

MitoPerturb-Seq identifies gene-specific single-cell responses to mitochondrial DNA depletion and heteroplasmy.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Development of a Mobile Mitochondrial Physiology Laboratory for Measuring Mitochondrial Energetics in the Field
08:54

Development of a Mobile Mitochondrial Physiology Laboratory for Measuring Mitochondrial Energetics in the Field

Published on: August 27, 2021

1.5K

Show MERCI on mobile mitochondria.

Jelle van den Ameele1, Patrick F Chinnery1

  • 1MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Cell Metabolism
|January 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria can transfer between cells, especially from immune cells to cancer cells. New research uses advanced sequencing to detect this mitochondrial transfer, but its mechanisms and implications require further study.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Emerging evidence suggests intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
  • Mitochondria may move from immune cells to cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detect and investigate mitochondrial transfer between cells.
  • To explore the mechanisms, scale, and implications of mitochondrial transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing
  • Mitochondrial DNA sequencing
  • Co-culture experiments
  • Analysis of patient tumor samples

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial transfer between cells was detected.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

39.6K
Live-imaging of Mitochondrial System in Cultured Astrocytes
06:20

Live-imaging of Mitochondrial System in Cultured Astrocytes

Published on: November 16, 2021

4.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Development of a Mobile Mitochondrial Physiology Laboratory for Measuring Mitochondrial Energetics in the Field
08:54

Development of a Mobile Mitochondrial Physiology Laboratory for Measuring Mitochondrial Energetics in the Field

Published on: August 27, 2021

1.5K
Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

39.6K
Live-imaging of Mitochondrial System in Cultured Astrocytes
06:20

Live-imaging of Mitochondrial System in Cultured Astrocytes

Published on: November 16, 2021

4.0K
  • The study utilized advanced sequencing techniques to identify transferred mitochondria.

    • Conclusions:

    • Mitochondrial transfer is a detectable phenomenon.
    • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms, scale, and biological significance of mitochondrial transfer in cancer.