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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Tooth Anatomy01:21

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Orthodontic considerations in hypodivergent craniofacial patterns.

Johnny J L Liaw1, Jae Hyun Park2

  • 1Adjunct clinical instructor, Department of Orthodontics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Director, Beauty Forever Dental Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan.

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists
|January 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study explores hypodivergent craniofacial patterns and their treatment. Nonextraction methods using temporary skeletal anchorage devices are preferred, with extraction as a last resort to manage space and vertical dimension.

Keywords:
Hypodivergent craniofacial patternLow mandibular plane angleSkeletal anchorageTotal arch distalizationTotal arch extrusion

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and craniofacial biology
  • Dental and skeletal morphology analysis

Background:

  • Hypodivergent craniofacial patterns present unique challenges in orthodontic treatment.
  • Robust masticatory muscles can lead to significant occlusal forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine hypodivergent craniofacial characteristics.
  • To explore effective treatment modalities for these patterns.
  • To emphasize esthetic outcomes, particularly maxillary incisor display.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of craniofacial features associated with hypodivergence.
  • Evaluation of nonextraction and extraction treatment strategies.
  • Assessment of temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs) for space management and extrusion.
  • Consideration of adjunctive therapies like Botox or splints for gonial angle reduction.

Main Results:

  • Nonextraction treatment with TSADs is recommended for hypodivergent patterns.
  • Extraction may be necessary if space limitations persist after other interventions.
  • A single-arch extraction can be considered to preserve vertical dimension.
  • Total arch extrusion with TSADs, bite raisers, and elastics can enhance maxillary incisor display.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hypodivergent craniofacial patterns requires tailored treatment approaches.
  • Temporary skeletal anchorage devices offer versatile solutions for space creation and extrusion.
  • Balancing functional and esthetic goals is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.