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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Instantaneous Power01:22

Instantaneous Power

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Instantaneous power is important in electrical circuits, mainly when dealing with sinusoidal input. Instantaneous power, denoted as p(t), results from the multiplication of the instantaneous voltage (v(t)) across an element and the instantaneous current (i(t)) flowing through it. This relationship adheres to the passive sign convention and represents a fundamental principle in electrical engineering.
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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
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Quasi-instantaneous materials processing technology via high-intensity electrical nano pulsing.

Eugene A Olevsky1,2, Runjian Jiang3,4, Wenwu Xu1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA.

Scientific Reports
|January 3, 2024
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Electrical nano pulsing (ENP) offers a novel method for rapid material modification. This technique enables quasi-instantaneous changes to micro- and nano-structures, outperforming conventional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Field-assisted material processing often requires lengthy integration with other methods, obscuring the direct impact of electric fields.
  • Existing techniques struggle to isolate and quantify the intrinsic contributions of electric current to material modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new device for electrical nano pulsing (ENP) for rapid material modification.
  • To demonstrate ENP's capability to induce quasi-instantaneous changes in material micro- and nano-structure.
  • To explore the intrinsic mechanisms of electric-field effects in materials.

Main Methods:

  • Design and construction of a novel device for electrical nano pulsing.
  • Application of ultra-high intensity (approx. 10^11 A/m^2) and ultra-short duration (< 1 μs) electrical pulses.
  • Analysis of non-equilibrium structural evolutions at nanometer and nanosecond scales.

Main Results:

  • ENP successfully induced quasi-instantaneous modifications to material micro- and nano-structure.
  • The technology demonstrated utility significantly exceeding conventional materials processing.
  • Examples showcased the rapid and effective nature of ENP.

Conclusions:

  • ENP provides a practical tool for investigating electric-field effects in materials.
  • This technology offers a pathway for rapid industrial manufacturing of materials with unique properties.
  • ENP enables exploration of non-equilibrium phenomena at unprecedented temporal and spatial scales.