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Continuous input current buck DC/DC converter for small-size wind energy systems featuring current sensorless MPPT

Nahla E Zakzouk¹

¹Electrical and Control Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Abukir, Alexandria, 1029, Egypt. nahlaezzeldin@aast.edu.

Scientific Reports

|January 3, 2024

Summary

This study introduces improved buck converters for small wind energy systems (WESs) to reduce power ripples and eliminate large capacitors. This enhances efficiency, reliability, and protects turbine components.

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Renewable Energy Systems
Power Electronics

Background:

Decentralized electrification in remote areas relies on small-sized wind energy systems (WESs).
Conventional buck converters used for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in WESs suffer from input current discontinuity, causing power ripples and requiring large buffer capacitors.
These ripples negatively impact system operation, turbine performance, and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate novel buck converter topologies (C1, D4, D6) for WESs.
To select a converter topology that minimizes input current ripples, thereby eliminating the need for large buffer capacitors.
To propose a sensorless MPPT algorithm for enhanced WES performance and cost-effectiveness.

Main Methods:

Dynamic modeling of three developed buck converters (C1, D4, D6) was performed.
Converter topologies were compared based on input current ripple magnitude.
A sensorless MPPT algorithm utilizing a variable-step Perturb and Observe (P&O) approach based on the converter's averaged state-space model was developed.

Main Results:

The developed C1, D4, and D6 buck converters demonstrated continuous input current with smaller component sizes compared to conventional buck converters.
The selected converter topology significantly minimized input current ripples, eliminating the need for a large electrolytic buffer capacitor.
The proposed sensorless MPPT algorithm achieved efficient power tracking under varying wind conditions with reduced cost and improved accuracy.

Conclusions:

The integration of optimized buck converters and a sensorless MPPT algorithm enhances the efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of small-sized WESs.
Eliminating the buffer capacitor leads to improved system lifetime and reduced maintenance.
The proposed system effectively mitigates power, torque, and vibration fluctuations, ensuring turbine protection and stable operation in standalone applications.