The first embryo, the origin of cancer and animal phylogeny. II. The neoplastic process as an evolutionary engine

In this article, I put forward the idea that the neoplastic process (NP) has deep evolutionary roots and makes specific predictions about the connection between cancer and the formation of the first embryo, which allowed for the evolutionary radiation of metazoans. My main hypothesis is that NP is at the heart of cellular mechanisms responsible for animal morphogenesis and, given its embryological basis, also at the center of animal evolution. It is thus understood that NP-associated mechanisms are deeply rooted in evolutionary history and tied to the formation of the first animal embryo. In my consideration of these arguments, I expound on how cancer biology is perfectly intertwined with evolutionary biology. Finally, I describe essential cellular components of unicellular holozoans that served as a basis for the formation of the neoplastic functional module (NFM) and its subsequent exaptation, which brought forth two great biophysical revolutions within the first embryo.