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The immune inflammation factors associated with disease severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19: A

Yanli Kang1, Shifa Lu2, Ruifang Zhong1

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.

Heliyon
|January 4, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 involves immune dysregulation, with increased IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Lower CD8+ T-cell and NK cell counts predict poor outcomes, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to immune system dysfunction and cytokine storms.
  • Understanding peripheral immune responses is crucial for COVID-19 pathogenesis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze immune response characteristics in COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify immunological markers for disease severity and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of immunoglobulins, complement, lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, NK, CD19+, CD45+), and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IL-12p, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ) in 513 COVID-19 patients.
  • Patients categorized into mild/moderate, severe survivors, and severe non-survivors.

Main Results:

  • Severe COVID-19 showed elevated IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ with decreased CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and NK cells compared to non-severe cases.
  • Non-survivors had higher IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and lower C3, CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells than severe survivors.
  • Age, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+ cells, and NK cells were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions:

  • Immune factors like IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CD8+ T-cells, and NK cells are associated with COVID-19 severity and progression.
  • These immune markers can potentially be used for monitoring and predicting COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Tumor presence, older age, high IL-8/IL-10, and low CD8+/NK cell levels correlate with shorter survival times.

Keywords:
CD8+COVID-19IL-10IL-6Immunological characteristics

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