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Implantable bioelectrodes: challenges, strategies, and future directions
Mengyuan Hu1, Chunyong Liang1, Donghui Wang2
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
Biomaterials Science
|January 4, 2024
Summary
Implantable bioelectrodes improve health but face challenges from the foreign body reaction (FBR). Strategies to resist FBR are crucial for the long-term effectiveness of these vital medical devices.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Implantable bioelectrodes are essential for treating neurological and cardiac conditions.
- Foreign body reaction (FBR) limits the long-term performance of implanted electrodes.
- Advances in materials science and engineering are driving innovation in bioelectrode technology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review common implantable bioelectrodes and their complications.
- To explore strategies for mitigating foreign body reactions.
- To outline future research directions for enhanced bioelectrode stability.
Main Methods:
- Review of four common implantable bioelectrode types.
- Analysis of FBR-induced complications.
- Investigation of FBR resistance strategies (physics, chemistry, nanotechnology).
Main Results:
- Current bioelectrodes show good biocompatibility but still face FBR challenges.
- FBR significantly impacts long-term electrode function and application.
- Physics, chemistry, and nanotechnology offer promising avenues for FBR mitigation.
Conclusions:
- Overcoming FBR is critical for the long-term efficacy of implantable bioelectrodes.
- Future research should focus on understanding FBR mechanisms, miniaturization, passivation, and gene therapy integration.
- Next-generation bioelectrodes require enhanced strategies for long-term operational stability.
