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Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

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Visual function and retinal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Lakshmi Bodduluri¹, Stephen J Dain¹, Shihab Hameed²

¹School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry

|January 4, 2024

Summary

Children with type 1 diabetes show elevated blue-yellow visual thresholds and increased retinal thickness, indicating potential early predictors for diabetic retinopathy risk. These visual and retinal changes may precede visible fundus alterations.

Keywords:

children colour vision diabetes mellitus retina

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Diabetology
Visual Science

Background:

Previous studies on contrast sensitivity in early diabetes yielded mixed results, potentially due to methodological limitations.
Early detection of diabetic retinopathy risk in children is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate color and contrast visual thresholds and retinal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
To compare these measures against age-matched healthy controls.

Main Methods:

A prospective case-control study involving 49 children with type 1 diabetes and 49 controls (ages 9-14).
Measurement of red-green, blue-yellow, and achromatic luminance contrast thresholds.
Optical coherence tomography for retinal thickness and fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy grading.

Main Results:

Children with diabetes exhibited significantly higher blue-yellow thresholds and increased total and inner retinal thickness compared to controls.
Poorer visual function and systemic health correlated with thinner retinal structures and greater ganglion cell complex loss in diabetic children.
No diabetic retinopathy was observed in any participants.

Conclusions:

Elevated blue-yellow visual thresholds and altered retinal thickness are present in children with type 1 diabetes, even without retinopathy.
These findings suggest that visual and retinal measures may serve as early predictors of heightened diabetic retinopathy risk in pediatric populations.