Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
Published on: August 25, 2017
Geographical differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality trends by sex, Spain, 1980-2021
L Cayuela1, J L López-Campos2, A M Gaeta3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés.
None:
BACKGROUND: To analyse changes in trends in mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain by Autonomous Community (AC) and sex during the period 1980-2021.METHODS: Data on population and COPD death records (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, codes J40â-"J44 and J47) were retrieved from the National Institute of Statistics for the study period. Age-standardised mortality rates by AC and sex were assessed using joinpoint regression models.RESULTS: There were 562,668 deaths due to COPD (423,855 in men and 138,813 in women), with an average annual increase of 1.6%. COPD deaths in men increased in most ACs, except for Asturias (â-"0.5% per year). The Canary Islands (14% per year) and Madrid (6.5% per year) had the highest increases. In women, the figures show a wide range of values at the AC level (from a â-"1.4% decrease to 7.9% increase). Nationally, the sex ratio increased from 1980 to 2021. In men, six ACs showed a significant decrease, while in women only two ACs showed a significant decrease.CONCLUSION: A steady decrease in COPD mortality was observed in most ACs for men, while a different trend was observed in women in several ACs. Despite past and ongoing tobacco control initiatives, this condition remains a leading cause of death.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Inflammation
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

