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Updated: Jul 6, 2025

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Coherent Doppler LIDAR with long-duration frequency-modulated pulses for wind sensing.

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    A new frequency-modulated continuous wave Doppler LIDAR (FMCDL) eliminates the distance-velocity resolution trade-off found in traditional pulsed CDL systems. This validated prototype demonstrates improved wind ranging and velocimetry performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Remote Sensing

    Background:

    • Traditional coherent Doppler LIDAR (CDL) systems using short-duration single-frequency pulses (PCDL) face a trade-off between distance and velocity resolution.
    • A theoretical framework for frequency-modulated CDL (FMCDL) using long-duration frequency-modulated pulses was previously proposed to overcome this limitation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate and validate a coherent Doppler LIDAR (CDL) prototype capable of operating with both pulsed (PCDL) and frequency-modulated (FMCDL) long-duration pulses.
    • To experimentally verify the theoretical advantages of FMCDL in eliminating the distance-velocity resolution trade-off.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a prototype CDL system configurable for both PCDL and FMCDL operation.
    • Comparative analysis of data acquired by the prototype in both PCDL and FMCDL modes for wind ranging and velocimetry.
    • Quantitative assessment of FMCDL performance metrics, including received power and resolution, against theoretical predictions.

    Main Results:

    • The FMCDL mode of the prototype demonstrated effective wind ranging and velocimetry, showing good agreement with the PCDL mode.
    • Experimental results quantitatively confirmed the theoretically expected performance of the FMCDL, particularly regarding received power and resolution.
    • The FMCDL successfully operated without the inherent distance-velocity resolution trade-off characteristic of PCDL.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed FMCDL prototype successfully validated the theoretical framework, proving its capability to eliminate the distance-velocity resolution trade-off.
    • FMCDL offers a promising advancement in Doppler LIDAR technology for accurate and high-resolution atmospheric measurements.
    • The system's performance in received power and resolution aligns with theoretical expectations, paving the way for practical applications.