Effective protocol for generating NOON states of resonator modes

Area of Science:

• Quantum optics
• Quantum information science
• Solid-state physics

Background:

• NOON states are crucial entangled states for quantum metrology and quantum information processing.
• Generating NOON states with high fidelity and scalability remains a significant challenge in quantum systems.
• Existing methods often require complex setups or are limited in photon number scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a novel and efficient protocol for generating NOON states of resonator modes.
• To demonstrate the feasibility of creating NOON states with arbitrary photon numbers (N).
• To investigate the protocol's robustness against systematic errors and decoherence.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing a physical model comprising two Kerr-nonlinear resonators coupled to a four-level qudit.
• Employing off-resonant couplings to induce qudit-level-dependent frequency shifts in the resonators.
• Implementing a three-step protocol involving qudit manipulation and resonator excitation to N-photon states.

Main Results:

• The protocol successfully generates NOON states with high fidelity for various photon numbers (N) under strong nonlinearity and coupling.
• Numerical simulations confirm the protocol's effectiveness in the specified regime.
• The protocol demonstrates acceptable fidelity even in the presence of systematic errors and decoherence factors.

Conclusions:

• The proposed protocol offers an effective and potentially scalable method for generating photonic NOON states.
• The technique leverages qudit-controlled frequency shifts for precise state preparation.
• This work provides valuable insights for advancing quantum metrology and quantum information technologies.