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Signal-enhanced multi-core fiber-based WaveFlex biosensor for ultra-sensitive xanthine detection.

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    This study presents the WaveFlex biosensor, a novel optical fiber device for detecting xanthine, a key disease indicator. The sensor utilizes localized surface plasmon resonance for highly sensitive and specific analysis in biological samples.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nanotechnology
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Xanthine is a crucial biomarker for various diseases, necessitating sensitive detection methods.
    • Existing biosensors face challenges in sensitivity, specificity, and reusability for xanthine detection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel multimode fiber-seven core fiber-multimode fiber (MCM) optical fiber biosensor, termed WaveFlex, for xanthine detection.
    • To enhance biomolecule attachment and sensor specificity using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with nanomaterials and enzymes.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a tapered MCM optical fiber structure using the combiner manufacturing system (CMS).
    • Immobilization of tungsten disulfide (WS2)-thin layers, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and carbon nitride quantum dots (C3N-QDs) to enhance LSPR.
    • Functionalization of the sensing probe with xanthine oxidase (XO) for specific xanthine detection.

    Main Results:

    • The WaveFlex biosensor achieved a sensitivity of 3.2 nm/mM and a low detection limit of 96.75 µM for xanthine.
    • Demonstrated excellent reusability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity in sensor performance.
    • The sensor showed potential for detecting xanthine in human serum and fish products.

    Conclusions:

    • The WaveFlex biosensor offers a highly sensitive and specific platform for xanthine detection.
    • The integration of LSPR, nanomaterials, and enzyme functionalization significantly enhances biosensing capabilities.
    • This novel optical fiber biosensor holds promise for diverse biomedical and food safety applications.