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    Researchers created a hollow-conical atomic beam for the first time using a standard source. This hollow beam can be controlled and has potential applications in cold atom technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic physics
    • Cold atom manipulation

    Background:

    • Standard low-velocity intense sources typically produce solid atomic beams.
    • Controlling atomic beam geometry is crucial for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the creation of a hollow-conical atomic beam.
    • To investigate the causes and control of the hollow-conical feature.
    • To develop analytical models for describing the beam's hollowness.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a standard low-velocity intense source.
    • Conducting experimental measurements.
    • Performing numerical simulations.
    • Developing analytical models.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated a hollow-conical atomic beam.
    • Identified the converging-diverging extraction process as the cause.
    • Demonstrated that reducing push beam intensity and increasing transverse cooling length decreases hollowness.
    • Proposed quantitative analytical models for beam hollowness.

    Conclusions:

    • The hollow-conical atomic beam is achievable from standard sources.
    • Beam hollowness is controllable through experimental parameters.
    • The developed models accurately describe the beam's characteristics.
    • This research enables applications requiring compact, solid atomic beams for atom optics.