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Arsenic toxicity: sources, pathophysiology and mechanism.
Shahid Yousuf Ganie1, Darakhshan Javaid1, Younis Ahmad Hajam2
1Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir 185234, India.
Toxicology Research
|January 5, 2024
Summary
Arsenic exposure is a global health threat, impacting millions through environmental contamination. This review details arsenic toxicity, its health effects, and molecular mechanisms, highlighting the need for further research and mitigation strategies.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Arsenic is a naturally occurring element posing a significant global health risk.
- Exposure sources include mining, manufacturing, and natural geological formations.
- Inorganic arsenic, particularly trivalent meta-arsenite (As3+), is toxic due to sulfur-protein interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- Consolidate current knowledge on arsenic toxicity.
- Detail arsenic's sources, chemical forms, and health impacts.
- Explore molecular and cellular mechanisms of arsenic-induced pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review across environmental science, toxicology, and epidemiology.
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct.
- Focused on recent research, comprehensive reviews, and animal models.
Main Results:
- Arsenic is linked to chronic diseases: cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurotoxicity.
- Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and epigenetic modifications.
- Impacts on vulnerable populations and potential interventions are discussed.
Conclusions:
- Arsenic toxicity is a pervasive public health issue requiring effective mitigation.
- Understanding toxic pathways is crucial for developing interventions.
- Further research is needed to inform public health policies and minimize exposure.
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