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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

1.8K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
1.8K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

2.3K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
2.3K
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

1.3K
A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
1.3K
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

639
When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
639
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

901
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
901
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

2.3K
Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
2.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
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Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared

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Biomolecular infrared spectroscopy: making time for dynamics.

Neil T Hunt1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK neil.hunt@york.ac.uk.

Chemical Science
|January 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy reveals biological molecule dynamics across vast timescales. Recent advances enhance ultrafast resolution, bringing real-time biomolecular function observation closer despite technological challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Molecular Dynamics

Background:

  • Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy offers insights into biological molecule dynamics, including structural changes and interactions.
  • Studying biological processes requires observing events across picoseconds to hours, posing significant experimental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in time-resolved infrared spectroscopy for studying biological molecules.
  • To highlight progress in extending the observable timescales while maintaining ultrafast resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to probe molecular motions.
  • Developing experimental techniques to overcome limitations in vibrational probe lifetimes and continuous time measurement.

Main Results:

  • Recent advances enable the study of biological molecules over an expanded range of timescales.
  • Ultrafast time resolution is maintained, facilitating detailed observation of dynamic processes.

Conclusions:

  • The potential for real-time observation of biomolecular function is increasing.
  • New technological challenges accompany the expanding capabilities in studying molecular dynamics.