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Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: Potential and Pitfalls.

Antonio Yaghy1, Maria Yaghy2, Jerry A Shields1

  • 1Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential in ophthalmology for clinical support, research acceleration, and patient care enhancement. Addressing ethical and technical challenges is crucial for responsible implementation and maximizing benefits.

Keywords:
Clinical decision-makingLarge language models (LLMs)Ophthalmologyethical concernslegal concernspatient carevisually impaired

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful tools with broad applications across various fields.
  • Their potential impact on healthcare, particularly in specialized areas like ophthalmology, is substantial.
  • Current clinical workflows can be enhanced by AI-driven assistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted applications of LLMs in ophthalmology.
  • To identify the benefits of LLMs in clinical practice, research, education, and patient interaction.
  • To acknowledge and discuss the ethical, technical, and legal challenges associated with LLM implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current LLM capabilities and their relevance to ophthalmology.
  • Analysis of potential use cases including knowledge synthesis, decision support, and patient communication.
  • Identification of ethical considerations such as privacy, fairness, and regulation.

Main Results:

  • LLMs can rapidly summarize literature, analyze patient data, and support clinical decision-making.
  • Applications extend to automating research tasks, serving as AI tutors, and enhancing patient interactions via chatbots.
  • Visual capabilities of models like GPT-4 offer assistance to the visually impaired.
  • Significant ethical, technical, and legal challenges require careful consideration and management.

Conclusions:

  • LLMs hold immense potential to advance ophthalmology care, discovery, and patient quality of life.
  • Responsible implementation, ongoing oversight, and model refinement are critical to mitigate risks.
  • Carefully integrated LLMs can significantly improve efficiency and outcomes in ophthalmology.