Shewanella goraebulensis sp. nov., isolated from sea water

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as DAU312^T, was isolated from the sea water of the eastern coast of the Republic of Korea. Optimal growth was observed at 25 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with NaCl concentrations of 2.0 % (w/v). Catalase and oxidase activities were detected. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain DAU312^T showed the highest similarity (99.2 %) to the type strain Shewanella electrodiphila MAR441^T. The complete genome sequence of strain DAU312^T contains 4 893 483 bp and 40.5 mol% G+C. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the up-to-date bacterial core genes showed that strain DAU312^T, S. electrodiphila MAR441^T and S. olleyana were all part of the same monophyletic clade. Their average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and two-way average amino acid identity values with each other and type strains of close Shewanella species were 83.4-77.5 %, 27.3-22.0 % and 89.8-81.2 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C_15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1 ω7с and/or C_16 : 1 ω6с) and C_16 : 0. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the main polar lipids. The respiratory quinones were Q-7, Q-8, MK-7 and MMK-7. Based on these polyphasic taxonomic findings, the name Shewanella goraebulensis sp. nov. is suggested for strain DAU312^T, which is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Shewanella. The type strain is DAU312^T (=KCTC 72427 ^T=JCM 35744^T=KCCM 43478^T).