Psychosocial and lifestyle impacts of spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A quantitative study

Recent studies suggest that acute myocardial infarction due to spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) carries significant psychosocial burden. This survey-based quantitative study builds on our earlier qualitative investigation of the psychosocial impacts of SCAD in Australian SCAD survivors. The study aimed to document the prevalence and predictors of a broad range of psychosocial and lifestyle impacts of SCAD.

Australian SCAD survivors currently enrolled in the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute genetics study were invited to participate in an online survey to assess the psychosocial impacts of SCAD. Participants completed a questionnaire, developed using findings from our earlier qualitative research, which assessed 48 psychosocial and five lifestyle impacts of SCAD. Participants also provided demographic and medical data and completed validated measures of anxiety and depression.

Of 433 SCAD survivors invited to participate, 310 (72%) completed the questionnaire. The most common psychosocial impacts were 'shock about having a heart attack' (experienced by 87% respondents), 'worry about having another SCAD' (81%), 'concern about triggering another SCAD' (77%), 'uncertainty about exercise and physical activity' (73%) and 'confusion about safe levels of activity and exertion' (73.0%) and 'being overly aware of bodily sensations' (73%). In terms of lifestyle impacts, the SCAD had impacted on work capacity for almost two thirds of participants, while one in ten had sought financial assistance. The key predictors of psychosocial impacts were being under 50, current financial strain, and trade-level education. The key predictors of lifestyle impacts were being over 50, SCAD recurrence, trade-level education, and current financial strain. All psychosocial impacts and some lifestyle impacts were associated with increased risk of anxiety and/or depression.

This quantitative study extends our previous qualitative investigation by documenting the prevalence of each of 48 psychosocial and five lifestyle impacts identified in our earlier focus group research, and by providing risk factors for greater SCAD impacts. The findings suggest the need for supports to address initial experiences of shock, as well as fears and uncertainties regarding the future, including SCAD recurrence and exercise resumption. Support could be targeted to those with identified risk factors. Strategies to enable SCAD survivors to remain in or return to the paid workforce are also indicated.