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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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DNA replication...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Updated: Jul 6, 2025

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Genome replication in asynchronously growing microbial populations.

Florian G Pflug1, Deepak Bhat2, Simone Pigolotti1

  • 1Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.

Plos Computational Biology
|January 5, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists developed a quantitative theory to predict DNA replication timing from cell growth data. This method accurately infers replication origins in yeast and bacteria, advancing our understanding of genome stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Cellular DNA replication is a fundamental process crucial for genome stability and homeostasis.
  • The DNA replication program dictates the timing of genomic region replication, impacting cellular function.
  • Existing methods lack a quantitative theory to link replication timing patterns to the underlying program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general quantitative theory predicting DNA fragment abundance in growing cell cultures based on DNA replication programs.
  • To establish a method for inferring key information about replication programs from experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a stochastic model to predict DNA fragment abundance from DNA replication programs.
  • Applied the model to asynchronously growing cultures of budding yeast and Escherichia coli.
  • Validated model predictions against experimental deep sequencing data.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts DNA fragment abundance patterns in budding yeast and E. coli.
  • The method successfully infers replication origin locations in budding yeast with high accuracy.
  • Demonstrated excellent agreement between model predictions and experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantitative theory provides a powerful tool for analyzing DNA replication programs.
  • This method offers insights into genome replication across diverse organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes.
  • The approach enhances understanding of cell homeostasis and genome stability through replication timing analysis.