Association between lung function and bone mineral density in children and adolescents: Insights from the NHANES

Bone development and lung function are integral to child and adolescent health. Both influence an individual's overall well-being and potentially affect long-term health. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study aims to elucidate the relationship between lung function and bone mineral density (BMD) in a representative sample of children and adolescents. The analysis covered 3410 participants aged 8 to 19 years. We employed weighted multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline curve visualizations to explore the intricate association between lung function metrics, particularly first-second expiratory volume 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio, and lumbar BMD. Our data indicated a positive association between lung function and lumbar BMD in children and adolescents. Specifically, higher lung function metrics were linked with increased lumbar BMD. This association was more pronounced in younger participants or those with a lower body mass index. A significant positive relationship exists between lung function and BMD in the pediatric population. Recognizing this association is crucial for holistic health strategies for children and adolescents. This study underscores the need for integrated health monitoring during formative years, which can influence health trajectories as these individuals transition to adulthood.