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Quantitative pulsatility measurements using 3D dynamic ultrasound localization microscopy.

Chloé Bourquin1, Jonathan Porée1, Brice Rauby1

  • 1Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|January 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

3D dynamic ultrasound localization microscopy (DULM) measures brain blood flow pulsatility in 3D. This new method maps microvascular hemodynamics, aiding early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
3D brain imagingKalman filteringdynamic ultrasound localization microscopypulsatility index

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Increased brain blood flow pulsatility is linked to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Accurate measurement requires high-resolution, brain-wide imaging with deep penetration.
  • Previous 2D methods provided limited, biased velocity data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a 3D dynamic ultrasound localization microscopy (DULM) method for quantitative brain pulsatility measurement.
  • To assess microvascular hemodynamics in large and small brain vessels in vivo.
  • To establish a potential new biomarker for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a single ultrasound scanner operating at high frame rates (1000-2000 Hz).
  • Generated dynamic microbubble flow maps to extract quantitative pulsatility.
  • Applied the technique to both explanted cat brains and skull-intact mouse brains.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 3D quantitative pulsatility mapping in the cat and mouse brain.
  • Observed pulsatility decrease along the vascular tree in the cat brain, visualized down to tens of micrometers.
  • Demonstrated intra-animal measurement consistency in the mouse brain's Circle of Willis.

Conclusions:

  • 3D DULM enables unprecedented 3D visualization and quantification of brain microvascular pulsatility.
  • The method reveals detailed hemodynamic patterns across the cerebrovasculature.
  • This technique represents a significant advancement towards a novel biomarker for early neurodegenerative disease detection.