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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles01:25

Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles

Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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Optimizing the Entry Point for Medullary Hip Screws.

Kevin Huang1, Zachary A Rockov, Lukas O Foster

  • 1From the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|January 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying the ideal entry point for medullary hip screws (MHSs) is crucial for treating hip fractures. This study found a consistent entry point approximately 6.4 mm medial to the greater trochanter tip across various MHS systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Medullary hip screws (MHSs) are standard for intertrochanteric hip fractures due to versatility and resistance to shortening.
  • Accurate MHS entry point identification presents surgical challenges.
  • Quantifying variability in the ideal entry point (IEP) is essential for surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the variability of the ideal entry point (IEP) for medullary hip screws (MHSs).
  • To establish a precise anatomical landmark for MHS insertion.
  • To improve surgical outcomes in intertrochanteric hip fracture treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of standing alignment radiographs from 50 patients using TraumaCad software.
  • Measurement of femoral neck shaft angle and greater trochanter offset.
  • Superimposition of five MHS system templates to determine IEP relative to the greater trochanter tip.
  • Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability assessment using intraclass coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Mean greater trochanter offset was 13.5 ± 5.6 mm; mean neck shaft angle was 129.5 ± 4.0 degrees.
  • The mean IEP ranged from 5.7 to 7.1 mm medial to the greater trochanter tip across MHS systems.
  • Excellent intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were achieved in measurements.

Conclusions:

  • A consistent, approximately 1.5 mm wide interval, 6.4 mm medial to the greater trochanter tip, serves as the IEP for common MHS systems.
  • No significant differences in IEP were observed among the evaluated MHS systems.
  • This finding provides a reliable anatomical guide for MHS insertion, regardless of femoral anatomy variations.