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ChatGPT-Exploring Its Role in Clinical Chemistry.

Ridwan B Ibrahim^1,2, Anil K Chokkalla^1,2, Kaitlyn Levett¹

¹Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science

|January 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence language models like ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4 are less accurate than clinical chemists in answering clinical chemistry questions. Human experts remain essential for reliable laboratory test result interpretation.

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Area of Science:

Clinical Chemistry
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Artificial intelligence (AI) language models are increasingly integrated into various professional fields.
The utility of advanced AI models like ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4 in specialized medical domains requires thorough evaluation.
Clinical chemistry relies on accurate interpretation of laboratory tests for patient diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the accuracy of AI language models (ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4) against human experts in answering clinical chemistry questions.
To assess the performance of AI models relative to clinical chemistry trainees and faculty.
To determine the current capabilities and limitations of AI in clinical chemistry consultations.

Main Methods:

A set of 35 clinical chemistry questions were curated from real-world scenarios.
ChatGPT 3.5, GPT-4, clinical chemistry residents, fellows, and faculty were tasked with answering these questions.
Responses were evaluated for accuracy and scored based on the respondent's experience level.

Main Results:

Senior clinical chemistry faculty achieved 100% accuracy, outperforming junior faculty (90.5%), fellows (82.9%), and residents (71.4%).
Both ChatGPT 3.5 (60%) and GPT-4 (71.4%) demonstrated lower accuracy rates than all human participant groups.
GPT-4 showed improvement over ChatGPT 3.5, matching resident performance, but both AI models were significantly outperformed by experienced chemists.

Conclusions:

Current AI language models, including ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT-4, are not yet capable of replacing trained clinical pathologists for answering complex clinical chemistry questions.
Users without specialized training in clinical chemistry should exercise extreme caution when interpreting laboratory results using AI chatbots.
Human expertise remains critical for ensuring the accurate and safe application of clinical chemistry diagnostics.