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Age-dependent lung doses from ingested 222Rn in drinking water.

D J Crawford-Brown

    Health Physics
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Radon-222 (222Rn) in drinking water poses a lung cancer risk primarily through inhalation of airborne radon progeny, not direct ingestion. This risk is higher than irradiation from radon decay within the body at all ages.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Radiation Dosimetry
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • US Environmental Protection Agency is evaluating regulations for 222Rn in public drinking water.
    • A criteria document details health risks associated with 222Rn in household water.
    • Radon-222 (222Rn) is a radioactive gas that can enter water supplies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the dose equivalent to lung tissue from ingesting 222Rn in drinking water.
    • To compare ingestion risks with inhalation risks from radon progeny in home air.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculated dose equivalent to lung tissue from direct 222Rn ingestion.
    • Examined irradiation from in-situ decay of 222Rn in lung tissue.
    • Analyzed decay of 222Rn in lung air passages post-exhalation.

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  • Considered dose equivalents for ages from neonate to adult.

    • Main Results:

    • The risk of lung cancer from inhaling airborne radon progeny is significantly greater than from direct ingestion of 222Rn in water.
    • This finding holds true across all age groups examined, from neonates to adults.
    • Ingestion pathways contribute less to overall lung cancer risk compared to inhalation of emanated radon.

    Conclusions:

    • Inhalation of radon progeny emanating from drinking water into home air presents a substantially higher lung cancer risk than direct ingestion of 222Rn.
    • Public health efforts should prioritize mitigating radon's emanation into indoor air from water sources.
    • Regulatory standards for 222Rn in drinking water should consider the dominant risk pathway: inhalation.