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Roles and regulation of tRNA-derived small RNAs in animals
Sowndarya Muthukumar1, Cai-Tao Li2, Ru-Juan Liu3
1Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|January 5, 2024
Summary
Small RNAs derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs), known as tRNA-derived RNAs (tdRs), are involved in gene regulation, cellular responses to stress, and various biological processes in mammals. Their roles in metabolism, immunity, development, and cancer are increasingly recognized.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- RNA Biology
Background:
- tRNA-derived RNAs (tdRs) were previously considered degradation byproducts.
- Emerging evidence implicates tdRs in conserved biological processes across species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biogenesis and molecular functions of tdRs in mammals.
- To discuss the role of tdRs in gene regulation, cellular stress responses, and disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on tdR biogenesis and function.
- Analysis of tdR involvement in mammalian biological processes.
Main Results:
- tdRs regulate gene expression in metabolism, immunity, development, and cancer.
- Accumulation of stress-induced RNAs represents an adaptive cellular response.
- RNA modifications are linked to tdR activities.
Conclusions:
- tdRs are key players in diverse cellular functions and adaptive responses.
- Further research is needed to fully understand tdR biology in health and disease.
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