TREM2 macrophage promotes cardiac repair in myocardial infarction by reprogramming metabolism via SLC25A53

Efferocytosis and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages play crucial roles in myocardial infarction (MI) repair. TREM2 has been proven to participate in phagocytosis and metabolism, but how it modulates myocardial infarction remains unclear. In this study, we showed that macrophage-specific TREM2 deficiency worsened cardiac function and impaired post-MI repair. Using RNA-seq, protein and molecular docking, and Targeted Metabolomics (LC-MS), our data demonstrated that macrophages expressing TREM2 exhibited decreased SLC25A53 transcription through the SYK-SMAD4 signaling pathway after efferocytosis, which impaired NAD⁺ transport into mitochondria, downregulated SLC25A53 thereby causing the breakpoint in the TCA cycle and subsequently increased itaconate production. In vitro experiments confirmed that itaconate secreted by TREM2⁺ macrophages inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis and promoted fibroblast proliferation. Conversely, overexpression of TREM2 in macrophages could improve cardiac function. In summary, our study reveals a novel role for macrophage-specific TREM2 in MI, connecting efferocytosis to immune metabolism during cardiac repair.