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Clinical algorithm model based on cfDNA to predict SLE disease activity.

Fang Wang1,2, Yi-Jing Liu1, Hai-Bing Miao1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.

Lupus
|January 6, 2024
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Summary

Elevated circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity and severity. This liquid biopsy marker shows promise for clinical application in managing SLE patients.

Keywords:
Circulating cell-free DNAbiomarkerclinical algorithm modeldisease activitysystemic lupus erythematosus

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarkers
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a novel liquid biopsy marker.
  • cfDNA dysregulation is observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • The precise relationship between cfDNA and SLE requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cfDNA concentration and SLE disease activity.
  • To explore the potential of cfDNA as a biomarker for SLE severity.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma cfDNA concentration, length, and distribution were analyzed in 88 active SLE patients and 39 inactive SLE patients.
  • Correlation analyses were performed between cfDNA levels and clinical indices, including antibody titers and renal damage.
  • An Active index model incorporating cfDNA was developed to assess SLE disease activity.

Main Results:

  • Active SLE patients exhibited significantly higher cfDNA concentrations than inactive SLE patients.
  • cfDNA concentrations correlated with reduced anti-dsDNA antibody titers and were associated with specific autoantibodies.
  • Reduced cfDNA levels were linked to renal damage in active SLE patients.
  • The Active index demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing active SLE and correlated strongly with SLE disease activity scores.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma cfDNA concentration is closely linked to SLE disease severity.
  • cfDNA holds significant potential for clinical application in SLE management.
  • The developed Active index shows promise for assessing SLE disease activity.