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Parasites and Viruses in Callithrix in Brazil.

Jéssica Souza Dias1,2, Raone Beltrão-Mendes3, Taynar Lima Bezerra4

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Environmental changes increase parasite and virus transmission risk in Callithrix primates. Studies reveal 68 parasitic taxa and viruses, with 19 having zoonotic potential, but identification and geographic data are limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Primatology
  • Parasitology
  • Virology
  • One Health

Background:

  • Anthropogenic environmental changes can increase interspecies parasite and virus transmission.
  • Primates, including the Callithrix genus, are susceptible to various pathogens.
  • Understanding parasite and virus dynamics in Callithrix is crucial for conservation and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize available information on parasites and viruses in American primates of the Callithrix genus.
  • To review parasitic and viral infections in Callithrix species in Brazil.
  • To assess the zoonotic potential of identified pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search (1910-2022) for parasites and viruses in Callithrix in Brazil.
  • Included protozoa, helminths, arthropods, and viruses in the search.
  • Recorded host species, parasite taxa, classification, habitat, diagnostic techniques, and geographic location.

Main Results:

  • Identified 68 parasitic taxa: 22 protozoa, 34 helminths, 7 ectoparasites, and 5 viruses.
  • 19 of the identified taxa possess zoonotic potential.
  • Callithrix jacchus was most frequently studied; Callithrix flaviceps had no reports. Southeast Brazil showed the highest prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Incomplete species identification methods hinder accurate diagnosis in Callithrix spp.
  • Geographic disparities in research, concentrated in the Southeast, limit comprehensive analysis.
  • Knowledge regarding parasites and viruses in the Callithrix genus in Brazil remains limited.