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SARS-CoV-2 infection is not associated with the emergence of monoclonal gammopathies

Cecilia Simonini1,2, Patrizia Natali1, Tommaso Pirotti1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, AUSL/AOU, Modena, Italy.

International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
|January 7, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

SARS-CoV-2 infection does not correlate with monoclonal component (MC) development. However, MC persistence was higher in SARS-CoV-2-negative patients, suggesting viral hyperstimulation of the immune system.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Activated plasma cells produce antibodies, potentially leading to monoclonal components (MC) detectable by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP).
  • Investigating the link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and MC development is crucial for understanding immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if there is a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of monoclonal components (MC).
  • To assess the persistence of MC in patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) was performed on 786 hospitalized patients between March 2020 and March 2022.
  • Patients were categorized as SARS-CoV-2 positive or negative via RT-PCR.
  • MC persistence and new occurrences were tracked during follow-up, with comparisons made using chi-square analysis.

Main Results:

  • Monoclonal components (MC) were found in 12% of all patients; 28.7% of these had SARS-CoV-2.
  • No significant correlation was observed between MC development and SARS-CoV-2 infection (p=0.173).
  • A higher risk of MC persistence was noted in SARS-CoV-2-negative patients compared to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (HR=0.591, p=0.05).

Conclusions:

  • The presence of MC during SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely due to general humoral immune system hyperstimulation, common in viral infections.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection itself does not appear to be a direct cause of MC development.
Keywords:
COVID‐19MGUSmonoclonal componentserum protein electrophoresis

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