'Oxidative stress'-A new target in the management of diabetes mellitus

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Metabolic Disorders
• Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health challenge linked to vascular damage and complications.
• Oxidative stress, stemming from glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity, is central to DM pathogenesis and beta-cell dysfunction.
• Hyperglycemia in DM exacerbates oxidative stress, impairing insulin secretion and creating a detrimental cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus.
• To explore the therapeutic potential of antioxidant supplements in managing DM.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on oxidative stress mechanisms in diabetes.
• Analysis of studies investigating antioxidant efficacy in diabetic models and patients.

Main Results:

• Diabetes is characterized by depleted biological antioxidants and an imbalanced glutathione redox state (GSSG/GSH ratio).
• Oxidative stress significantly contributes to the vicious cycle of hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion.
• Antioxidant interventions show promise in mitigating diabetic complications.

Conclusions:

• Biological antioxidant defenses are insufficient in diabetes, necessitating external supplementation.
• Antioxidant supplements are valuable for blood glucose control and reducing the severity of diabetic complications.
• Targeting oxidative stress is a key strategy for improving diabetes management.