Effect of preterm birth on blood pressure in later life: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Health
• Perinatal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Preterm birth is a significant global health concern, associated with numerous short- and long-term complications.
• Hypertension in adulthood poses a substantial risk for cardiovascular diseases and mortality.
• Understanding the long-term health consequences of preterm birth is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate the association between preterm birth and the risk of developing hypertension in adulthood.
• To quantify the difference in blood pressure levels between individuals born preterm and those born full-term.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted using data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
• Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register up to April 11th, 2022.
• Systolic and diastolic blood pressure data were extracted, pooled, and analyzed to compare preterm and full-term birth groups.

Main Results:

• Twenty-eight studies were included, involving a comparison of blood pressure in preterm versus full-term individuals.
• Significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed in the preterm group across all measurement categories (mean, ambulatory, daytime, nighttime).
• Similarly, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was significantly elevated in individuals born preterm compared to those born full-term.

Conclusions:

• The findings indicate a consistent elevation in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults who experienced preterm birth.
• This suggests that preterm birth may be a significant risk factor for the development of hypertension later in life.
• Further research and clinical monitoring are warranted for individuals born preterm to mitigate potential cardiovascular risks.