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Craniofacial morphology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients
Domenico Ciavarella1, Mauro Lorusso1, Alessandra Campobasso1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
|January 8, 2024
Summary
Cephalometric skeletal parameters, including mandibular and maxilla length, correlate with Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity. Cranial deflection and divergence angles also show significant links to OSAS severity, as measured by Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI).
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Sleep Medicine
- Orthodontics
Background:
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent condition affecting numerous adults.
- Understanding the craniofacial morphology associated with OSAS severity is crucial for effective management.
- Cephalometry offers a method to quantitatively assess skeletal parameters relevant to airway obstruction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between specific cephalometric skeletal parameters and the severity of OSAS in adult patients.
- To determine if craniofacial morphology can predict or correlate with OSAS severity, indicated by Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 100 adult OSAS patients (94 males, 6 females; mean age 59.3).
- Collection of Home Sleep Apnea Testing (HSAT) data (AHI, ODI) and latero-lateral cephalometric radiographs.
- Statistical analysis using Spearman's rho correlation to assess the relationship between eight cephalometric parameters and HSAT indices (p<0.05).
Main Results:
- A significant negative correlation was found between mandibular length and AHI (rho=-0.2022, p<0.05).
- Maxilla length showed a significant negative correlation with AHI (rho=-0.2984, p<0.01) and ODI (rho=-0.2443, p<0.05).
- Divergence angle (rho=0.2263, p<0.05) and cranial deflection angle (rho=0.2212, p<0.05 for AHI; rho=0.1970, p<0.05 for ODI) were significantly correlated with OSAS severity.
Conclusions:
- Craniofacial morphology, specifically maxillary and mandibular lengths, divergence, and cranial deflection, may predispose individuals to OSAS.
- These cephalometric findings suggest a link between skeletal features and the severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome.
- Further research into these cephalometric parameters could aid in identifying individuals at risk for OSAS.
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