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Exploring Correlations between Headaches and Refractive Errors in an Optometry Clinic Sample.

Samuel Otabor Wajuihian1

  • 1University of Kwazulu-Natal School of Health Sciences, South Africa.

The British and Irish Orthoptic Journal
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Headaches are linked to specific refractive errors. Low spheres, cylindrical errors, hyperopic, and against-the-rule astigmatism are more common in individuals experiencing headaches, suggesting a need for correction.

Keywords:
Headaches and refractive errorschildren and young adultsclinical settingoptometry

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Optometry
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Headaches are a common complaint managed by optometrists.
  • Previous studies on headaches and refractive errors have limitations.
  • This study addresses these limitations by using extended classification criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between headache prevalence and various refractive errors.
  • To explore these correlations within a clinical optometry setting.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • Participants (n=2157) aged 10-40 were divided into headache (1062) and non-headache (1095) groups.
  • Ocular health, refraction, accommodation, and vergence were assessed; headaches were sub-classified by location.

Main Results:

  • Temporal and temporo-frontal headaches were most frequent.
  • The headache group (mean age 25.1) had a higher proportion of females (79.1%).
  • Low sphere and cylinder errors, hyperopic astigmatism, and against-the-rule astigmatism were significantly more prevalent in the headache group (p=0.003, p=0.012, p=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Specific refractive errors, including low sphere/cylinder and certain types of astigmatism, are associated with increased headache frequency.
  • These findings have clinical implications for managing patients with headaches.
  • Correction of low ametropia is recommended, and a standard study protocol is suggested.