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Related Concept Videos

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Cell Migration01:19

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
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Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

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EGFR-dependent actomyosin patterning coordinates morphogenetic movements between tissues.

D Nathaniel Clarke1, Adam C Martin1

  • 1Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular coordination during Drosophila gastrulation relies on adherens junction patterns regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, ensuring proper tissue folding and axis extension.

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Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
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A Cell-based Assay to Investigate Non-muscle Myosin II Contractility via the Folded-gastrulation Signaling Pathway in Drosophila S2R+ Cells
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Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos
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Imaging Cell Shape Change in Living Drosophila Embryos

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Cell shape changes and rearrangements coordinate morphogenetic movements for body structure.
  • Understanding the integration of cellular coordination and morphogenetic programs is crucial.

Approach:

  • Quantitative imaging was used to analyze adherens junction (AJ) levels in the Drosophila ectoderm.
  • Investigated the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling in regulating AJ patterns.
  • Identified downstream effectors of EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling.

Key Points:

  • A distinct dorsal-ventral gradient of AJ intensity was observed in the ectoderm before gastrulation.
  • EGF signaling regulates this AJ pattern.
  • This signaling pathway is essential for ectoderm cell movement during mesoderm invagination and axis extension.

Conclusions:

  • Adherens junction levels and junctional actomyosin are downstream effectors of EGFR signaling.
  • A mechanism coordinating tissue folding and convergent extension facilitates gastrulation movements in Drosophila embryos.