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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

98
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
98
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

336
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
336
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

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Reduced Lateralization of Multiple Functional Brain Networks in Autistic Males.

Madeline Peterson1, Molly B D Prigge2,3, Dorothea L Floris4,5

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Autism spectrum disorder shows altered brain lateralization in language, salience, and control networks, particularly in individuals with language delays. These differences indicate selective, not pervasive, brain organization divergence.

Keywords:
ASDasymmetryautismautism spectrum disorderbrain networksfMRIlateralizationnetwork lateralizationneurodevelopmental conditionsneuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with brain organizational and developmental deviations.
  • Hemispheric lateralization differences in ASD may be localized or widespread.

Approach:

  • Examined brain hemispheric lateralization in autism using individual functional neuroanatomy.
  • Investigated relationships between language network lateralization and behavioral phenotypes in 118 participants (48 autistic, 70 neurotypical) via resting-state fMRI.
  • Utilized individual network parcellations and surface area-based asymmetry estimation.

Key Points:

  • Significant group differences in lateralization were found for the Language, Salience/Ventral Attention-A, and Control-B networks.
  • Autistic individuals exhibited less asymmetry in these networks compared to neurotypicals.
  • Language delay was associated with the most pronounced differences in language lateralization.

Conclusions:

  • ASD involves complex, selective functional lateralization differences, extending beyond the language network.
  • Findings suggest a divergence in specific brain networks rather than pervasive lateralization alterations in autism.
  • Language network lateralization is differentially related to autism symptom profiles, especially language delay.