Haploidentical and Matched Sibling Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Hospital-Based Study

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Transplantation Medicine

Background:

• Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is increasingly utilized in Latin America.
• This study focuses on clinical outcomes for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients undergoing allogeneic PBSCT.
• The research was conducted at a single center in Cali, Colombia, between 2013 and 2019.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical outcomes of AML patients receiving allogeneic PBSCT.
• To compare outcomes between patients receiving stem cells from matched sibling donors (MSDs) and haploidentical related donors (HRDs).

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cohort study including 50 AML patients who underwent allogeneic PBSCT.
• Patients received myeloablative conditioning with either MSD or HRD.
• Exclusion criteria included specific AML subtypes like promyelocytic leukemia, MDS-related AML, and therapy-related AML.

Main Results:

• Overall survival at 5 years was 62% for MSD vs. 43% for HRD.
• Event-free survival was 56% for MSD vs. 35.6% for HRD.
• Non-relapse mortality at day 100 was 6% for MSD vs. 20% for HRD; 5-year relapse rates were 18% for MSD vs. 25% for HRD.

Conclusions:

• Matched sibling donors (MSDs) remain the preferred choice for AML patients in first complete remission (CR1).
• Haploidentical related donors (HRDs) are a viable alternative, but strategies to improve outcomes are necessary.
• Further prospective studies comparing HRDs with other donor types are required to establish their definitive role.