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Haptoglobin genotype is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in prediabetes: A case-control study

Emily Kate Mewborn1, Elizabeth Ann Tolley2, David Bruce Wright3

  • 1University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Suite G022B, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology
|January 8, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype significantly increases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in individuals with prediabetes. This finding highlights haptoglobin genotype as a potential CAD risk factor in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) prediction is challenging due to unappreciated risk factors.
  • Haptoglobin genotype influences the protein's ability to bind free hemoglobin, impacting oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.
  • The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in diabetes, but its role in prediabetes is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between haptoglobin genotype and CAD in individuals with prediabetes.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study sampled 178 participants (ages 35-70) with prediabetes from clinics in Memphis, TN, and Spokane, WA.
  • Participants were categorized into cases (with CAD) and controls (without CAD).
  • Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between haptoglobin genotypes and CAD.

Main Results:

  • The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype was associated with approximately 4.0 times higher odds of CAD compared to the haptoglobin 1-1 genotype (p=0.01).
  • Cases exhibited lower total cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels than controls.
  • Haptoglobin genotype was independent of other demographic and clinical variables, except for CAD.

Conclusions:

  • The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype represents a significant risk factor for CAD in the prediabetes population.
  • Further research is warranted to explore interventions targeting oxidative stress related to the Hp 2-2 genotype for CAD reduction.
Abstract

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisHaptoglobin genotypeOxidative stressPrediabetes

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