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American scientists across physics, psychology, and history value similar virtues like carefulness and honesty. These personal qualities and method-based qualifiers shape scientific discourse and ethos.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology of Science
  • History of Science
  • Ethics in Science

Background:

  • Understanding the personal qualities and virtues expected of scientists is crucial for scientific ethos.
  • Historical analysis of scientific discourse reveals evolving expectations of scholars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the virtues discussed by American scientists from 1945-2000.
  • To compare virtue discourse across physics, psychology, and history.
  • To analyze how virtues are expressed in textbooks, reviews, and ethics codes.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of scientific virtue talk.
  • Examination of disciplinary sources: textbooks, book reviews, and codes of ethics.
  • Focus on postwar American scientific discourse (1945-2000).

Main Results:

  • Scientists consistently named virtues such as carefulness, objectivity, and honesty.
  • Virtues were applied to personal qualities and scientific methods ('virtue-qualifiers').
  • Remarkable similarity in virtue repertoires across physics, psychology, and history.

Conclusions:

  • Postwar American scientists shared a common language of virtues, applied personally and methodologically.
  • While core virtues were shared, emphasis varied by discipline and genre.
  • Established a framework for understanding virtue's role in scientific discourse.