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Updated: Jul 6, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Nicola Lindson1, Ailsa R Butler1, Hayden McRobbie2

  • 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) with nicotine significantly increase smoking cessation rates compared to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and non-nicotine ECs. While generally safe, long-term effects require further study.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are vaping devices that heat e-liquids to produce aerosol.
  • There is significant interest from smokers, healthcare providers, and regulators in the efficacy and safety of ECs for smoking cessation.
  • This review is an update of a living systematic review examining ECs for smoking cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of ECs in helping smokers achieve long-term abstinence.
  • Comparisons include non-nicotine ECs, other smoking cessation treatments, and no treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled intervention studies.
  • Searches conducted across multiple databases up to July 2023.
  • Primary outcomes: smoking abstinence (≥6 months), adverse events (AEs), and serious adverse events (SAEs).

Main Results:

  • High-certainty evidence shows nicotine ECs increase quit rates compared to NRT (RR 1.59).
  • Moderate-certainty evidence indicates nicotine ECs increase quit rates versus non-nicotine ECs (RR 1.46).
  • AEs were similar between nicotine ECs and NRT/non-nicotine ECs; SAEs were rare with insufficient evidence for group differences.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine ECs are effective in increasing smoking cessation rates compared to NRT and non-nicotine ECs.
  • No significant difference in AEs was observed between nicotine ECs and comparators; SAEs were rare.
  • While promising, limitations include study bias and short follow-up periods; ongoing research is crucial.