Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Differential cytotoxic effect of polybrene on distinct glioblastoma subtypes.

Neuroscience·2026

Same author

Regulation of NAT1 activity in modern humans by a novel phosphorylation site.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Glioblastoma cells utilize evolutionarily adapted cell metabolism to promote their malignant proliferation.

Acta neuropathologica communications·2026

Same author

Morphological abnormalities in the ureter of type XVII collagen-deficient mice.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Histological changes of conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue caused by pneumonia in Holstein young cows.

Veterinary and animal science·2026

Same author

Maternal granulocyte colony-stimulating factor alters synaptic maturation and social behaviors in offspring.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026

Same journal

Inhibitory Neurons in Human Anterior Entorhinal Cortex and Some Comparisons With the Rhesus Monkey.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026

Same journal

In Situ Hybridization Chain Reaction and Immunohistochemical Labeling of the Octopamine Production Pathway in the Central Nervous System of Lymnaea stagnalis.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026

Same journal

Innervation Pattern of Inhibitory Projection Neurons in the Bird Sound Localization Circuit.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026

Same journal

Mu Opioid Receptor mRNA and Protein Localization Across the Rat and Mouse Habenula.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026

Same journal

Proline-Rich Transmembrane Protein 2 Is Variably Expressed Across Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in Mouse Motor Circuits.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026

Same journal

Brain Distribution of Orthopedia (Otp) Transcription Factor in Bony Fish: A Comparative Neuroanatomical Perspective.

The Journal of comparative neurology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

Neocortical neurogenesis in development and evolution-Human-specific features.

Wieland B Huttner¹, Michael Heide², Felipe Mora-Bermúdez¹

¹Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.

The Journal of Comparative Neurology

|January 8, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human neocortical expansion is linked to the ARHGAP11B gene, enhancing cognitive abilities. Modern humans show greater neurogenesis than Neanderthals due to specific gene variants like TKTL1.

Keywords:

ARHGAP11B Neanderthals TKTL1 apical progenitors basal progenitors lagging chromosomes metaphase duration

More Related Videos

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers MADM

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers MADM

Published on: May 8, 2020

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Published on: June 4, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Electroporation of Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Studies of Gene Function

Published on: November 29, 2024

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers MADM

Lineage Tracing and Clonal Analysis in Developing Cerebral Cortex Using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers MADM

Published on: May 8, 2020

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Live Imaging of Mitosis in the Developing Mouse Embryonic Cortex

Published on: June 4, 2014

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Neuroscience
Developmental biology

Background:

Neocortical expansion is a hallmark of human evolution.
Understanding genetic factors driving neocortical development is crucial for insights into human cognition and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To review human-specific features of neocortical neurogenesis in development and evolution.
To explore the role of ARHGAP11B in neocortex expansion and its implications.
To compare neocortical development between modern humans and Neanderthals.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on ARHGAP11B function and neocortical development.
Analysis of genetic differences in key proteins (ARHGAP11B, KIF18a, KNL1, TKTL1) between humans and other primates/hominins.

Main Results:

The human-specific gene ARHGAP11B amplifies basal progenitors, expands the primate neocortex, and enhances cognitive performance.
ARHGAP11B regulates basal progenitor metabolism via mitochondria, promoting glutaminolysis and proliferation.
Modern humans exhibit enhanced neocortical neurogenesis compared to Neanderthals, attributed to specific amino acid substitutions in proteins like KIF18a, KNL1, and TKTL1, leading to increased progenitor proliferation and neuron generation.

Conclusions:

ARHGAP11B is a key driver of human neocortical expansion and associated cognitive gains.
Differences in key proteins like TKTL1 explain enhanced neurogenesis in modern humans versus Neanderthals, particularly in the frontal lobe.
These findings have implications for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders and brain evolution.