Vasculitis-panniculitis mimicking unresolved diabetic foot ulcer

Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) is a common long-term complication of diabetes. Intractable chronic wounds to standard care of diabetic foot raise the question of whether other factors intervene in disease development. We report a case of a 54-year-old male patient who came to Sardjito General Hospital with leg pain and previous history of multiple debridement and amputation for DFU referred from a remote hospital yet no improvement was evident in the surrounding lesion following treatment. Consequently, a histopathological examination was carried out proving the presence of other aetiologic factors, vasculitis and panniculitis existing in the lesion. In this case, we report a rare type of causative factor of foot ulcers among diabetic patients. Vasculitis suspected for polyarteritis nodosa accompanied by panniculitis is considered in this patient. The treatment of choice is corticosteroids or immunosuppressants based on the clinical condition, contrary to usual wound care in DFU. Based on the evidence, clinicians need to consider other causes than only macrovascular complications in a diabetic patient with DFU that is intractable to standard wound care. In this patient, vasculitis may be considered in forming diabetic foot ulcers alongside macrovascular complications.

A thorough examination is essential to rule out other processes in intractable DFU patients. Prompt management based on proper diagnosis is crucial to prevent peripheral arterial disease complications. Vasculitis and macrovascular complication are inseparable processes forming DFU in this patient.