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Case Report: A Series of Three Meningoencephalitis Cases Caused by Acanthamoeba spp. from Eastern India
Soumendra Nath Haldar1, Kokila Banerjee2, Dolanchampa Modak3
1Department of Infectious Diseases and Advanced Microbiology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India.
Abstract:
Acanthamoeba spp. are rare etiological agents of meningoencephalitis with high mortality. We present three cases of Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent individuals from Eastern India. The first patient presented with fever and headache; the second with headache, visual disturbance, and squint; and the third presented in a drowsy state. The cases presented on March 3, 18, and 21, 2023 respectively. The first two patients had concomitant tubercular meningitis for which they received antitubercular therapy and steroid. Their cerebrospinal fluid showed slight lymphocytic pleocytosis and increased protein. The diagnosis was done by microscopy, culture, and polymerase chain reaction. They received a combination therapy comprising rifampicin, fluconazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The first patient additionally received miltefosine. She responded well to therapy and survived, but the other two patients died despite intensive care. Detection of three cases within a period of 1 month from Eastern India is unusual. It is imperative to sensitize healthcare providers about Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Insights
Three immunocompetent individuals in Eastern India developed rare and fatal Acanthamoeba meningoencephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for survival, as highlighted by one patient
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Acanthamoeba species are uncommon causes of meningoencephalitis, often leading to fatal outcomes.
- This report focuses on three cases in immunocompetent individuals from Eastern India, a region not typically associated with this pathogen.
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