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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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Invasive group A streptococcal disease.

Joannu Ann Varughese1, Mahesh Katre2, Birendra Rai3

  • 1Paediatrics, Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kettering, Northamptonshire, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two children with severe invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infection and influenza co-infection recovered after prompt antibiotic treatment. This highlights the rising risk of iGAS in pediatric patients, especially with viral co-infections.

Keywords:
InfectionsPaediatrics (drugs and medicines)Pneumonia (infectious disease)

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Scarlet fever and invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections are increasing in pediatric populations.
  • Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections can lead to severe, multisystemic illness, including septic shock.
  • Viral co-infections, such as influenza, may increase the risk of invasive GAS disease.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric patients presented with severe illness characterized by cough, sore throat, and fever, progressing to multisystemic involvement.
  • Both patients experienced fluid-refractory septic shock requiring intensive care, intubation, and ionotropic support.
  • Co-infection with influenza was identified in both cases.

Findings:

  • Prompt treatment with early initiation of antibiotics led to successful recovery in both children.
  • This case series underscores the potential severity of iGAS infections in children, particularly when co-occurring with influenza.
  • Despite reported fatal cases, iGAS infections in the UK remain underreported in medical literature.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric iGAS infections.
  • Increased vigilance for iGAS is warranted during periods of heightened scarlet fever and influenza activity.
  • Further research and reporting are needed to fully understand the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of iGAS in the UK.